the hard, the soft and the group

One can always dream of a city, but what if we all would dream on, over, above, underneath, in or along the city?

Bernd Hagemann has been documenting the magnificent way in which Chinese citizens physically experience the texture of their everyday built environment for many years. With his open-end open-source archive of sleeping people in the most strange corners and positions, SleepingChinese is a website, where a city can be described according to a hard, soft or group condition, leading to hardsleepers, softsleepers and groupsleepers.

This makes me think of unsuitable relationships, such as working-places far away from sleeping-places, working hours overcoming leisure hours… or simply pavements lacking soft beds.

[image1> sleeping Chinese by deconcrete2010] [images 2-5> hard, soft and groupsleepers via sleeping chinese]

every country is the same

Maps can tell us as much about politics and ideology as they do about space. As with any representation, you can’t put it all in; you only include what’s important to you [...] Nations and empires trace borders. The navigation needs of European merchants and explorers determined the shape of Mercator’s familiar world map, which also dramatically minimized the size of Africa and the Tropics. But today, the argument goes, social and economic forces are shrinking the globe and physical location is losing its importance. So if we’re beyond space, what will our new maps look like? [Alex Aylett]

In Antonia Hirsch‘s World map series [2006], the shape of each of the world’s countries is scaled to occupy the same relative area, which is then transformed into a transparent layer. All layers are overlaid, making the centre of the image, which is shared by many countries, highly saturated in colour. Individual shapes are difficult to discern, yet this map’s uncertain borders and ambiguous shape can be understood to describe the territory of the average country.

The same conceptual process is used to conceive her universal Untitled World Flag in 2009, where 200 countries melt with each other through their flags, morphing into one.

[images 1&2> world map, Antonia Hirsch 2006] [image3> untitled universal flag, Antonia Hirsch 2009]

solar-powered black balloon

…the sun shines, and one is automatically taken to the clouds…

Tomás Saraceno’s art explores possible visions of a better world, generating poetic, playful propositions for a human life in balance with the planet. His works occupy the border regions between science, art and architecture. They can include anything from spheres and cloud creations to flying gardens, space elevators and futuristic dwellings. The dream of a weightless state and the possibility of a human being moving freely above the clouds, free of the confines of gravity, and free from national borders, recur in several works. [Source> artfacts.net]

[image> saraceno's solar-powered balloon by entrelaspiedras]

hyper-real estates

Finally, my Urban Design research thesis and proposal on HYPER-REAL ESTATES: Shanghai, the partycipatory megacity just released!

In Post-1978 Shanghai, there are two major forms of urban dwellings resulting from previous Chinese Maoist society: formal high-rise compounds and informally restructured ancient urban housing. Under the incessant trend of flash growth in last decades, both types, the Real Estates and the Un-Real Estates, reveal decisive for city making. Traditionally, standard high-rise have led to a monotonous and impersonal city; and over-crowded ancient housing (Lilong) have led to interactive modes of appropriation of public space. The Un-Real Estates manifest themselves as participatory environments, where dwellers build up social networks and achieve personal fulfilment.

On one hand, a discourse throughout currents of thinking on Participation is followed, ranging from classic Lefebvre, Heidegger, Constant, Situationism, Everyday and Tactic Urbanisms, Turner and Habraken, to more recent thesis on the Open City and Temporary Use. On the other, diverse research thesis concerning the redevelopment of Shanghai’s Lilongs and new Estates are compared.

Regarding the role of dwellers in contemporary and future Chinese developments, this research investigates whether real estate compounds are becoming the new kind of participatory architecture in Shanghai. To achieve this purpose, Do-It-Yourself strategies have been field-studied and a survey on the amount of services that real estate developers offer in their new housing compounds has been conducted.

Combining current trends and niche market strategies with desired improvements, a tactic approach to the housing process, instead of a strategic one, can lead to a new urban housing typology. By learning from both Real and Un-Real Estates in Shanghai, this paper proposes a more socially sustainable mode of Hyper-Real Estates. Once the desirability and likeliness of dwellers’ participation in the housing process in today’s Shanghai is proved, it concludes by introducing the party-cipatory city model, where the triad investors-government-people can all better meet their needs.

Keywords: Participatory Architecture / Leisure Space / Spatial Appropriation / Real, Un-Real, Hyper-Real Estates / Everyday Urbanism / Tactic Approach / Zwischennutzung / Temporary Use

every tree is artificial

[Everyday Life Invents Itself] ELII has presented this week their last hybrid Urban Tree species in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain): the Capio Solem et Mutuo Spinning. It consists of an artifact that first, attracts people to meet together in an open space; second, supports practising spinning all together; third, uses the energy generated to pump and atomize water for the shading plants above; and fourth, captures solar energy to complementary light the whole space at night.

As they state, any tree is far more than a mere image and every tree is artificial. If trees depend on a network of care-takers, why not inventing a tree working as a club as well? Nonsense gymnastics acquire a new meaning; Human calories and physical exercise are then visualized as life energy making plants grow. Almost everyday personal donations to nature…

[all images> installation and drawings of the Urban Tree by elii]

urban love scars

Love stories have two things in common with utopias: desire and destruction.

Sexually attracted by an object, Eija-Riitta Berliner-Mauer literally married the Berlin Wall in 1979, acquiring then her new husband’s surname as her own. East Berliners trapped in a desperate survival, would find such schizophrenia from West-siders, not an object of praise at all. If Ms. Berliner-Mauer saw the Fall of the Wall in 1989 as a terrible disaster, meaning her husband’s death, Koolhaas once read the void of the Wall as a true piece of convulsive architecture, to be also introduced in London periphery and Joseph Beuys ironically proposed that the Wall should be made taller by 5 cm for aesthetic purposes. [Robert Sumrell & Kazys Varnelis in Blue Monday: stories of absurd realities and natural philosophies]

On the other hand, it is also understandable to be appealed to the amount of dreams and tensions that introducing an alien mega-structure in a city generates. Just one block away from the former No-man’s land in Berlin, an urban renewal plan from the 1950s failed to destroy part of today’s most vivid area of Kreuzberg (including Görlitzer Park and Oranienstr.) and replace it with a huge freeway. My last home would have disappeared in this plan, but still, I would not discard a possible wedding with a meandering highway…

[image1> Eija-Riitta Berliner-Mauer with the Berlin Wall via berlinermauer.se] [image2> 1950s plan to build a highway through 19th century Kreuzberg in Berlin via wrangelkiez]

parks as marriage marts

female: born 1972, 1.68 m, owns her apartment…

male: politician, college degree, 1.73 m, earning 3,000 RMB/month or more…

female: born 1980, working as an accountant assistant, originally from shanghai (no migrant peasants here)…

The amount of ads hanging from trees, strings, suitcases or sidewalkers’ shopping bags seems endless in Shanghai People’s Square. Just behind the Central Government building, people gather every Sunday afternoon to advertise their children in this informal open marriage mart, filling the park with an authentic flea-market atmosphere. In Ancient China, families usually would privately choose an spouse for their kid, as most Western societies did; this practise was forbidden during Maoist times, shifting the capacity and authority of matching couples to the Danwei Working Unit committee.

But in current times, youngsters are officially free to choose on their own, providing that they had enough free time to meet candidates. Parents are eager to descendants, and start  seeking in public parks of main Chinese cities on their own, as in Beijing’s Zhongshan Park. Elderly sit together in benches of certain areas, where they show the files of their children, chatting with other interested parents.

The open public park becomes then a dating-agency where hot topics sound again and again: height, age, job position, education, salary, and own house (apart from some rumours of offering money for the marriage). Then, after first contact, pictures will be interchanged, and the task of convincing children to meet the newly-found candidate will start. Some Shanghainese agree with their parents looking for an appropriate spouse for them, others don’t.

But far beyond the drama of buying wives in rural/urban areas, depicted in Li Yang’s terrific Blind Mountain movie, parks can also work as interactive marriage marts, under a strange mix of tradition and modernity in this Internet era; let’s believe, without any forced monetary transactions.

[images 1&2> marriage mart in People's Square, Shanghai by deconcrete2010] [image3> googlemaps shanghai]

the pulse of the city

After seeing Doug McCune’s visualizations of San Franscisco according to 8 different crime rates, one understands the city as a mountainous landscape, where valleys are supposed to be the safest areas and peaks the least boring ones.

Also understanding urban dynamics, this reminds me of the Real Time Rome project and its raster images. If San Francisco maps aim an artistic impression of a reality, the Rome ones deal with scientific time accuracy. Their software, developed in 2006 by MIT SENSEable City Lab, represented cell phone activity in Rome under mass events; for example, they showed the vital energy of the city by relating it to the assistants to Madonna concert in Stadio Olimpico or the World Cup Final at Circo Massimo.

Citizens’ fluxes, together with public transport intensity movements, mobility in definitive, could also be adjusted to changing demand in real time, by understanding how neighborhoods are used in the course of a day, how the distribution of buses and taxis correlates with densities of people, how goods and services are distributed in the city, or how different social groups, such as tourists and residents, inhabit the city. [senseable - MIT]

[images 1&2> San Francisco Crime topography via strange maps] [images 3&4> Real Time Project]

displaying flux

Who has stolen our bodies? are 27 soap bars in different states of diminishment, miniature sculptures made from human flesh and skin. Chinese artist Chu Yun conceived this piece in 2002, capturing our everyday routines in a specific instant, before some of the bars simply disappeared…

Human present absence also occurs in worn-away staircases; or timber flooring scratches under a loosen door. But it could also be hygienic, that city neighbourhoods would shrink in size, the more people use them (contrary to today’s Detroit); forcing to be replaced by a new one and reinvented again and again…

He also visualized in his beautiful piece Constellation (2006) the amount of everyday objects in state of error that surround us, by illuminating a room only with their chaotic alert LEDs: a printer out of paper, a cell phone with an unread SMS or a laptop out of battery. Once inside the dark space filled with inoffensive objects, one gets the frightening feeling of being in front of a robotic machine controlling Life.

[Source and images> Hans Ulrich Obrist: The China Interviews, 2009]

desert borders

An Oasis makes water accessible in an extremely dry desert area. Oases also have historically been decisive tools for political, economic and military control of an area, which trading routes should depend on. But an oasis can also be created to go beyond military barriers.

The US/Mexican border has experienced over 1,000 deaths of migrants between 2000-2007 venturing themselves into the desert in a life-or-death flight to a dreamt future. [map below] In a season where Spain suffers from a similar drama of Subsaharians dying in sea waters while fleeing into Spain, ElPaís brings the example of Humane Borders volunteering association to its pages. They take care of 100 drinking water stations in Arizona to help migrants survive, once they have crossed the border.

While some extreme right radicals Minutemen have been recently reported to being patrolling the same area but with fire weapons, some other ranches agree on having free water tanks on their plots, and the organization will check the water quality and filling on weekly or even daily basis. By providing information of walking distances in the desert, as well as signaling where these water points are located, they aim to reduce the everyday tragedy of nomadic migration and imposed boundaries.

As Teddy Cruz stated in his SanDiego/Tijuana Borderwall: Urbanism of Transgression:

“The border’s transformation from light to solid is exactly opposite the trend in recent architecture, which has moved from solid to light.

Contemporary architecture is searching once more for nomadic strategies of lightness and freedom, less interested in objects of imposition and more interested in territorial strategies. It is engaging the boundaries that simultaneously delimit and blur the diverse socio-cultural geographies of contemporary life.

Maybe this suggests, once more, that the dreams of architecture are at odds with the actual socio-political and economic realities in which they exist.”

[images 1-4> volunteering and water stations via Humane Borders] [image5> Urbanism of Transgression by Teddy Cruz]

seoul series VI

It is astonishing the numerous amount of elderly couples I have been seeing in the subway, wearing a complete neon-colour camouflage trekking equipment. Since Seoul is surrounded (rather gobbled up) by hills, its subway system easily reaches any forest at the end of its lines to enjoy nature just half an hour ride from schizophrenic urbanity. So my last wandering in Seoul is going to be natural; I need some greenery. While looking for other Korean architecture blogs, I came up with the project of regeneration of a forest by ludens-ifying it with hidden art installations amongst trees. It’s my place.

Before coming out at a random periphery subway station, I get lost in an interchange, where I suddenly find in the basement 3 a compass rose printed on the floor, north-oriented; a paradox of unguideness in this messy maze of underground staircases. Once outside, I am guided by a beautifully clear drawing that the newspaper-kiosk seller has made in my notebook. And while walking, I start finding aliens in the forest, where people are cheerfully picnicking in, around, above or around…

In this forest I found by sheer chance one of my favourite fetish hybrids: the ramp-stairs: a mix between a diagonal surface and conventional steps, to be used in many forms. Parent and Virilio already exposed the possibilities of freely squatting an oblique surface some decades ago (memories of my architecture master thesis, exactly two Junes ago now!). So before leaving the city, I grant myself with the only two architectural sins in this trip of spontaneous everyday detours; two pieces of open voids where people inhabit and appropriate themselves of a diagonal circulation.

First, another ramp-stairs system by OMA inside a Museum (more elegant than the Chicagoan ones) and staircase outside it, and second, the hole excavated as a plaza/corridor by Perrault at a University campus. While the former is a C-shape covering of an existing uphill circulation between a bus stop and the campus, the latter is a U-shape turning an open-air oblique corridor into a meeting area. I am glad that both cases seem almost more successful in their void condition than the own function of the building beside them.

Exhausted I sit down for a break in a sudden tiny café back somewhere in town, 3.5 m2 big, at twilight, and find a Surrealist illustrated story by Edward Gorey, The Object Lesson, lying also on a tiny shelf; an exquisite dark tale about absences, missed connections, dreams and surreptitious absurdities. Originally printed in 1958, it appeared the same year as other surrealist inventors dreamt of re-reading the city.

Here, the Seoul Series end.

[images 1-4> Seoul Art Park] [image5>compass rose on the floor of the basement 3 of a subway station] [image6> OMA's Museum of Art, Seoul Nationalal University] [image7> Perrault's Ewha Women's University Campus, Seoul] [all images by deconcrete2010]

seoul series V

Soaring temperatures make a sea of white shirts appear in the CBD of Seoul at noon. It is Monday lunchtime and this isolated area of the city (literally an island) dedicated to finance becomes invaded. Although clothing stores at the groundfloors of corporate buildings advertise only Westerners wearing suits, I hardly see any of them in the real world.

This recently planned area starts being invaded by alien skyscrapers blossoming all around, and despite not existing any sense of a lively city, the fact of finding several 24h kimchi-sushi restaurants, makes me remind that Koreans are amongst the ones with most working hours in the world.

It is impossible to follow anyone randomly. Any try makes me follow workers to an eating place or back to the office. Bored of these non-productive routines and being stuck at the main crossing, I almost feel obliged, first to go also for lunch, and second, to move on to another neighbourhood.

Eager to visit the Rainbow Cathedral, an art installation somewhere in Seoul that I read via newsletter some time ago, I take the subway to that station. After appearing in an anodyne huge crossing, I realize I mistook the line; so asking everybody for a rainbow in the street is a fruitless desperate operation. This makes me go into a PC room (or an Internet Cafe in a stinky basement full with video-games freaks) and check the map for the first time in Seoul and explore these anodyne highways while walking to the exhibition.

I discover then a network of anonymously big crossings, where 5&5 lane highways intersect each other. the city in-between is as dull as the crossings themselves, making these crossroads the most exciting points. There is a gap of 300 to 400 metres between each other and surprisingly all of them have quite a big slope separating these valleys, reminding me of San Francisco, and making me walk up and down, up and down, up and down, again and again… It takes me 5 crossroads to realize that Mondays do not like art exhibitions and another 3 to find the nearest subway station.

While detouring the city in the most explorer-related sense, leaving all outdated Situationist politics aside, it is very useful to use the subway map  in order to make the city even more abstract. Like transnational geographies, moving from one point to another and forgetting what lies in-between, either if is a street block or a whole country, turns the city into a virtual cloud of scattered situations.

After seeing my seventh golf course flying over a carparking and the third soldier carrying a cosmetics bag, I cannot find any office worker going for dinner in his white shirt. but it is time for me to do so.

seoul series IV

The whole lighting neighbourhood is turned off. It’s Sunday morning in Seoul and this whole industrial district providing any kind of electric component is closed. The beautiful Seun Arcade, an immensely long concrete building threats demolition, for the sake of a green park; the city thinks that turning derelict structures from the 1960s into open parks is a magic formula for political success.

Today my psychogeographical strategy has more to do with psychopath than with psychological geographies (or psycho-paths). Instead of following random people to be guided through new parts of the city, I choose and chase my prey imagining his story beforehand. I also used to do this when making crosswords; imagining simple stories of why the author would have chosen that word that day.

The first individual results to be a baseball player leading me to a hidden field; the second is a Japanese/Korean student memorising words all her way and the third notices that I am following his bag with the printed word Tokyo, and starts a kind of zig-zag play by changing direction at every corner. After a while, he is getting nervous, so I decide to quit: I have arrived to a very interesting area.

My psycho-instinct takes me to the National Cemetery subway station after seeing a huge sign. It is Sunday morning, and it is full of elderly people. But instead of having a depressive ambiance, families gather joyfully for a picnic at his ancestors’. This place is a mix between a National memorial to war victims, and a meeting point to celebrate life. Corpses are mere numbers in a vast extension of rationally ordered graves. And I suddenly remember this Situationist game of interchanging graves, putting the Peter’s one at Mary’s, and Mary’s at Steven’s…

After this carparking-like park, I discovered a new area, by following the Japanese student. It is a wasteland under an elevated highway among railway tracks. Dozens of disabled veterans (having been or not involved with war) wander around this creepy post-apocalyptic place. The fact that there is a charity open air canteen, gathers people all together. It is shocking to change from this panorama to the lavish Ferraris lane I find some stations away, guided by the guy carrying the Tokyo bag. I am not interested in street names, so I rename them myself, depending on what I live or find there: only luxury vehicles!

This makes me think of the linear map I am producing of Seoul. It needs to be connected to place and psychological perception (phenomenology), but also Time is basic.

The map of my city and the city will both end as soon as I give up moving and the drawing line ends. The rest of the existing city, probably 90% of the surface, which i have not detoured, do not need to be represented. It does not exist for me. And I learn that whenever a city does not show up with any new attractive corner, anything new to discover, it is not worth living there any longer. Provocation is then dead.

seoul series III

Second day of derive: the fact that Saturday is traditionally the leisure day, has also made the people I was following in Seoul, to take me to shopping districts, or accidentally monumental spots; these were anyway lying one next to each other: trendy consumption together with culture origins.  

Walking along lanes filled up with multitude of clothing stores, in between I meet Korean folk dances all along, or an spontaneous taekwondo show, or a procession of Royal guards in traditional costumes, or a replica of a traditional village, or a woman handing brochures for a religious sect asking me whether I need spiritual comfort f0r my depression. (do I look so depressed?!) The answer is a sign I find later wondering whether I am bored!

I discover a network of back alleys, which were originally built for common people in order not to walk along the main street, since they would be obliged to kneel down whenever a Lord walk by. So these alleys turned into lively spots for the everyday avoiding imposed protocols.

Suddenly Berlin appears in front of me! Five years ago, the city gave a piece of the Wall to Seoul, trying to achieve a peaceful reunification of the two Koreas. Just in front, I found the Canal. If yesterday some alleys remind me of Tokyo, now I have landed back in Kreuzberg, but with cleaner waters. The city has destroyed the 1950s highway, in order to recover the historical river which used to cross the city, and give it back to citizens. A project which pushed the Major of the City become the Prime Minister of the country. Should Shanghai recover its dried up network of channels as well?

For a moment, I decide to make the pre-fab Chinese City prototype guide me, and leave my derivators aside. Ancient Seoul copied their philosophy in order to plan their own urban grid. So as soon as I see the Gate to the Imperial Palace, with the river at my back a mountain in front, I prove that I am in the North-South fengshui axis. I didn’t want to use cardinal points, but I needed to prove whether an Empire transported the same urban concept to all its conquers.

To finish the day, I let one business card from an amazingly crazy shop guide me to their other branch somewhere in the city. After one hour of lost paths, I end up in an over-pretentiously designed area, where it seems to be a Tokyo-like competition going on about who has the weirdest haircut. a whole street with cafes and cafes and cafes and cafes…

enough for today.

seoul series II

Arrived in Seoul. An endless railway bridge crosses from the airport island to mainland peninsula. the left side of my ride is an esplanade of mud, whereas sea water covers the right side landscape.  there is time to imagine flooding and emptying cities with water.

The first journey of the series starts with Shanghai’s map.  i draw every movement on my spontaneous itinerary into it. but after a whole day of virtual abstractions, it does not make sense any more for me. sorry, Debord, but this situationist strategy n.1 forces me to an unpleasant derive. so i decide to give it up, and shift to strategy n.2> being guided by other derivators or citizens that I just intituively  follow.

I choose my prey, follow it,  I can even smell it in short distance, and afterwards discard it until either I find something interesting or I loose it in a crowd. some go into buildings, others meet people, others seem too lost…

This strategy is going to produce a graphic linear map of the city, out of the situations I experience, directly related to a specific time. north, south, east and west do not count any more; but references are only visual instead of linking portions of the city. a sort of conceptually moving city, as ancient Mayas did along the Mexican jungle, discarding what has been left behind.

found situations:

* a golf course covering a parking. the oblique net allows balls return back to players and works as shadowing for cars. 

* Women’s University: a whole neighbourhood oriented to female cultural, commercial and services consumption. 

* non-democratic subway system: instead of a flat-rate, the price of the ticket depends on the amount of stations, making me decide the end of the journey before entering the train. (in case i am legal!)

* French antiques neighbourhood: it seems to be a fever consumption of 19th century bombastic furniture.

* hyper-abundance of Christian churches. I start to wonder, whether the amazingly status of development in this rich Korean society is leading to an increasing soul emptiness; the built form of pure loneliness.

fear of the day> where to sleep. i haven’t seen an economic hotel in the whole day. a girl i ask in a nice cafe offers me to sleep at her place in an extra room. i go with her, we derive together, and after 15 minutes of impossible conversation Lee wants to charge me 80 euros. Just similar to another couple of sex-motels I have tried, so after 3 hours of failed attempts it is time to assume it and go into an Internet basement to find a place before midnight.

once settled, i meet another derivator, who virtually takes me to his favourite club in Seoul. he tells me of a night spent at this top exclusive place, which charge 500 US$ only for the cover. but as he explains, the good part is that you can even go with only one friend (probably one can go there alone) and feel like in a private party. the club has dozens of rooms, where they provide girls you choose, to dance there; neither prostitutes nor gogo dancers; just normal people having a drink in your lonely private party.

so decided, every day I am trying different situationist strategies in my drawing of a graphic linear map of Seoul, out of time moments.

amusing vagueness: seoul series I

Guy Debord wrote in 1955 about a friend of his having just traveled through the Harz region in Germany, by means of a map of the city of London, whose directions he had blindly followed. [tom mcdonough editing the situationists and the city]

so tomorrow, i’ve decided to flyxperiment to southkorean Seoul and start a 5 day-series of dérive explorations, (un)guided by a map of Shanghai (fully in Chinese). i have no referent of its form, but that both cities have a sort of a main river meeting a smaller one. someone told me that shanghai lacks of a huge mountain in downtown. maybe shanghai turns mountaineous, maybe seoul finds its dreamt urban grid. no idea where to go, to sleep or to eat. but i have a small bag as luggage and loads of excitement with me.

has the day already arrived when some cities are built for dérive, as Debord predicted? next 5 posts, hopefully, from somewhere in seoul.

psychogeographies to be continued…

[image> Vinland map, 1434 AC. speculated version of America's discovery occurring before Columbus's expedition in 1492 AC via bnl]

happy street

Salvador Dalí met Le Corbusier in 1928 to tell him that his functional architecture did everything but actually function.  And he predicted that the future for architecture was however to become soft and hairy. Hairy are some renamed pavilions in shanghai world expo, but in order to see these zoological attractions, one needs to queue all around the security cage that protects them, from hypothetically dangerous invasions of onlookers.

These gated countries reflect very well current obsessions to impose borders to the city. So escaping from over-admired hairy Crown Jewels, my daily hero is the Happy Street/Dutch diorama. Conceived as an open walking-scape in form of a picnic lawn and an 8-shaped ramp for spatial appropriations, it is an explosion of irony and cynicism at the same time.

Denmark failed to make her lent bikes be driven all along the expo, but John Körmeling did succeed in not gating his pavilion with a fence; so the whole concept of representing a country also goes physically transparent. Expos do not need any more museum-like walled artifacts, but simply attractive meeting areas under the excuse of experiencing a local beer sitting on a mobile Dutch sheep. And people will just do the rest.

[all images> Dutch and Danish pavilion at shanghai Expo by deconcrete2010]